Timeouts

Timeouts can be used to limit the time a server may take to process a response. In Connect-ES, timeout values are set by the client via the timeoutMs option when issuing a requests. If handling the response takes longer than the timeout, they will respond with the error code deadline_exceeded. In gRPC, the concept is also known as deadlines.

Using HandlerContext

Servers can interact with this timeout via the handler context. Depending on your needs, there are a few ways to approach it:

The first way is via an AbortSignal on the context. Using this signal, route handlers can then tell if the timeout specified by the client was reached and abort their processes accordingly. The AbortSignal can be found via the property name signal.

The signal can be passed to other functions or used to gracefully stop processes when the timeout is reached. Using signal works for any operation you might want to call as long as the API supports it.

import type { HandlerContext } from "@bufbuild/connect";

const say = async (req: SayRequest, ctx: HandlerContext) => {

    ctx.signal.aborted; // true if timed out
    ctx.signal.reason; // an error with code deadline_exceeded if timed out

    // raises an error with code deadline_exceeded if timed out
    ctx.signal.throwIfAborted();

    // the AbortSignal can be passed to other functions
    await longRunning(ctx.signal);

    return new SayResponse({sentence: `You said: ${req.sentence}`});
};

A second way to interact with the timeout value is via the timeoutMs() function on the handler context. If the current request has a timeout, this function returns the remaining time.

Using the timeoutMs() function is preferable when invoking upstream RPC calls because it is more efficient and robust - you have a guarantee that the peer is aware of the deadline, regardless of network issues. In gRPC, the concept is also known as deadline propagation.

import type { HandlerContext } from "@bufbuild/connect";

const say = async (req: SayRequest, ctx: HandlerContext) => {
  
    // If a timeout was set on the call to this service, the timeoutMs() method 
    // returns the remaining time in milliseconds. 

    // Passing the value to an upstream client call propagates the timeout.
    await upstreamClient.someCall({}, { timeoutMs: ctx.timeoutMs() });

    return new SayResponse({sentence: `You said: ${req.sentence}`});
};

In addition, to server-side support for timeouts, there is also a related option on ConnectRouter that helps constraining timeout values: maxTimeoutMs. For an explanation of this option, see the docs on Server Plugins

Also note that while this page discusses timeouts in the context of a server, Connect-ES clients honor timeout values and will raise a ConnectError with code DeadlineExceeded. Even if a connection becomes unresponsive, the client call will still abort at the configured timeout.

try {
  // If this call takes more than 200 milliseconds, it is canceled
  await client.say({sentence: "Hello"}, { timeoutMs: 200 });
} catch (err) {
  if (err instanceof ConnectError && err.code === Code.DeadlineExceeded) {
    // handle the timeout error
  }
}